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How to Help Your Child Develop Comprehension Skills
Madeline Waters • January 20, 2025
Comprehension is the ultimate goal of reading. As literate adults ourselves, we know it's not enough to simply read the words on the page—we have to truly understand and engage with the text. Helping your child develop strong comprehension skills will set them up for success in school and beyond. Here are some strategies you can use at home to support your child’s reading comprehension development:
- Embrace Storytelling: When reading aloud, bring the text to life by changing your voice for different characters or ideas, using appropriate expressions, and varying your phrasing to match the content. For example, give emphasis to important points with a firm tone, or use a questioning tone when asking something. Use gestures to demonstrate actions or concepts in the text. These techniques not only make the content more engaging but also guide your child through the text with extra support, making it easier for them to understand.
- Model Metacognition: Show your child how to think about their thinking by verbalizing your thought process while reading. The think-aloud strategy involves pausing while reading to express out loud what you're thinking. This can include making predictions, asking questions, visualizing, or summarizing parts of the text. This helps children understand how to approach reading comprehension by seeing the thought process in action. Watch this video for an example of how to do this.
- Initiate Conversation: Engage your child in discussions about what they have read. Ask them to summarize the text and share their opinions. If you're reading together, use book-club style questions to deepen the discussion. These conversations help reinforce comprehension and critical thinking skills.
- Review Different Question Types: To help your child develop a deeper understanding of what they read, it’s important to teach them how to approach different types of questions. Each question type requires a different skill and strategy to answer effectively. You can find questions online, use AI to generate questions, or create your own using basic formats.
- Main Idea: Explain that the main idea is what the text is mostly about, not just a fact. Ask, “Is this what the whole text is mostly about, or just one fact?” Practice by having your child summarize the story or present several summary statements and have your child choose the one that best captures the main idea.
- Literal: Explain that literal questions have answers right there in the text. Teach your child to underline the exact sentence that contains the answer. Practice by asking your child questions that require them to find specific details directly from the text.
- Vocabulary: Use context clues by looking at the sentences before, during, and after the word. Ask, “What do these surrounding sentences tell us about this word?” Practice by selecting challenging words from the text and asking your child to infer their meanings based on the context.
- Inference: Explain that inferences are logical guesses based on clues in the text. Encourage your child to look for hints or clues the author left behind to draw conclusions. Practice by posing questions that require your child to read between the lines and make educated guesses based on the information provided.
- Short Answer: Teach your child to restate the question in the answer. Identify key words from the question and incorporate them into the answer. Practice by asking open-ended questions that prompt your child to provide more detailed responses and explanations.
- Use Graphic Organizers: Use tools like flowcharts, story maps, Venn diagrams, and K-W-L charts (Know, Want to Know, Learned) to help your child organize their thoughts and understand the structure of the text. Graphic organizers visually display information to help children see relationships between ideas and concepts.
- Find Everyday Opportunities: Find opportunities for your child to practice reading comprehension in everyday situations. Let your child read recipes and help you prepare a meal, which involves following instructions and understanding measurements. Have your child read the weather report and find the high for the day. Ask your child to read the instructions for a new game and explain the rules to everyone.
- Subscribe to One Minute Reader: The One Minute Reader program supports reading comprehension and allows children to develop skills independently through a structured approach that combines short reading activities with immediate feedback.
By incorporating these strategies and tips into your reading routine, you can help your child become a more confident and skilled reader.
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