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The Magic of One-Minute Timings: Debunking Myths and Promoting Fluency

Madeline Waters • November 27, 2023

In the literacy education landscape, one-minute timings often find themselves at the center of discussion—and sometimes misconception. 


Critics argue that these timings only foster stress and promote speed reading. It’s true that one-minute timings, when introduced without proper framing, can indeed lead to stress or a misguided emphasis on speed. But that isn’t the whole truth. When used in an appropriate way, one-minute timings can be a highly useful tool. 


The purpose of a one-minute timing is to measure oral reading fluency. Oral reading fluency is where a lot of misunderstandings around speed reading are born. Oral reading fluency is made up of three components: accuracy, expression, and rate. Rate is only one of three essential components, and it does not equate to speed reading. Rather, oral reading rate is about reading at a pace that is natural and conversational. 

Developing oral reading fluency is essential because it is the gateway to automaticity and thus comprehension. As readers become more fluent, their cognitive load is lessened, allowing them to concentrate more on comprehending the text.


One-minute timings are a valuable tool for developing oral reading fluency. They are not about pushing developing readers to read faster, faster, faster—rather, they are a precise tool for measuring progress. One-minute timings can provide educators and parents with concrete data, allowing them to accurately track growth in reading.


Additionally, kids are motivated by seeing their own progress, and words-correct-per-minute graphs serve as great visual representations of their improvement. Having concrete data about their growth is highly motivating for developing readers. What’s more, one-minute timings are short, accessible, and effective assessments for reluctant readers who may be intimidated by the idea of a reading assessment or who struggle with reading stamina. 


Now, it’s natural for kids to turn on that “speed reading switch” when they know they're being timed. Some kids may need a reminder that the one-minute timings serve as practice. With practice, they will improve—and the timings will reflect that. By emphasizing the purpose behind timings as a measure of growth, rather than a race, parents can frame this exercise in a way that motivates kids and allows them to reach their reading goals more quickly. For more tips on nipping the speed-reading tendency in the bud, check out our blog, 7 Tips to Slow Down Your Speed Readers


One-minute timings, when used responsibly, are a fantastic tool to support educators and parents in fostering and supporting the growth of developing readers.

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"Fluency is not an instructional target. It is the result of decoding instruction that leads to automatic word recognition." "If a child can decode accurately and automatically, they do not need fluency practice." "Fluency is an outcome of good decoding not a process to go through." "Fluency is a byproduct of solid word recognition skills and not its own distinct subskill." Have you ever heard someone say that reading fluency is just a natural byproduct of learning phonics? This idea has been a point of conversation lately in many literacy spaces, and surprisingly, it's not sparking much debate. Is reading fluency just a natural byproduct of decoding development? If only it were that simple! Fluency is one of the five essential components of reading because it’s a distinct part of skilled reading. Of course, the five components don’t exist in separate vacuums; they overlap and influence each other. Naturally, this can cause some confusion. Let’s discuss the relationship between phonics , fluency , and comprehension . There’s no doubt that automatic word recognition is a key reason why text fluency is so highly correlated with comprehension. When children can automatically read words, their cognitive load is freed up for meaning-making. Children must first develop their decoding skills in order to eventually become automatic decoders. But is an automatic decoder the same as a fluent reader? Consider this reading sample:
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